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Il delitto di "caporalato" tra diritti minimi della persona e tutela del mercato del lavoro

2020

Il contributo analizza il reato di intermediazione illecita e sfruttamento lavorativo, offrendo un’analisi comparata con il sistema repressivo tedesco. Lo studio si sofferma, in particolare, sui limiti di legittimazione del diritto penale nella punizione dei fatti di “caporalato”, nel tentativo di scongiurare che l’intervento repressivo nelle dinamiche economiche e contrattuali, di natura sinallagmatica, possa assumere una portata tale da porsi in contrasto con il canone della sussidiarietà. A tal fine, si suggerisce una prospettiva ermeneutica che incentri il disvalore penale del reato di cui all’art. 603-bis c.p. sulla lesione dei diritti fondamentali del lavoratore – riconducibili agli a…

Settore IUS/17 - Diritto PenaleThe paper analyses the offence of unlawful work intermediation and exploitation offering a comparative analysis with the German punitive system. The study focuses in particular on the limits of legitimacy of criminal law in the punishment of gangmaster acts in the attempt to avoid that the punitive intervention in economic and contractual dynamics of a mutual nature could be so intrusive to be in contrast with the principle of subsidiarity. To this end the author suggests an interpretative perspective that centres the penal disvalue of the offence under article 603-bis of the criminal code on the harm to fundamental workers’ rights – as linked to articles 4 35 and 36 of the Italian Constitutions – which work as a limit to entrepreneurial freedom. To be sure the indexes of exploitation listed by the criminalising norm seem to echo those fundamental human rights attributed to a person as a worker: those very same rights that – when harmed in their minimal and therefore intangible dimension – legitimise the intervention of the ius terribile. The article also stresses the protection of the job market: in this sense the offence – even if situated within the Kernstrafrecht – represents a new paradigm of the institutional response within the framework of the contemporary relationships between law and economics.
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